This glossary defines common terms used in accident reports, insurance claims, personal injury cases, and medical evaluations. It is designed as a quick reference for readers unfamiliar with legal or insurance terminology.
Accident Report
An official record created by law enforcement documenting the circumstances of a crash.
Adjuster
An insurance representative responsible for evaluating claims, reviewing evidence, and determining settlement amounts.
At-Fault
The party determined to be responsible for causing the accident based on evidence and applicable laws.
Bodily Injury Liability
Coverage that pays for injuries sustained by others when the insured driver is at fault.
Claim
A request for payment submitted to an insurer after an accident or loss.
Comparative Negligence
A legal principle that distributes fault between parties and adjusts compensation accordingly.
Contingency Fee
A fee arrangement where an attorney is paid only if the case is won or settled.
Deductible
The out-of-pocket amount a policyholder must pay before insurance applies.
Liability
Legal responsibility for damages or injuries caused to another person.
No-Fault Insurance
A system in which each driver’s insurer pays for their own injuries and damages, regardless of fault. Some states restrict lawsuits unless injuries exceed specific thresholds.
PIP (Personal Injury Protection)
Insurance that covers medical expenses, lost wages, and related costs after an accident. Required in no-fault states.
Property Damage
Damage to vehicles or other property resulting from a collision.
Statute of Limitations
The deadline for filing a lawsuit after an accident. Deadlines vary by state and type of claim.
Total Loss
A vehicle is considered a total loss when repair costs exceed its value.
Uninsured/Underinsured Motorist Coverage
Protection for situations where the at-fault driver has no insurance or insufficient coverage.